Irhafu yomntu ngamnye e-UK
Uxanduva kwirhafu yase-UK kumiselwe ngokubanzi kukusetyenziswa kogama "lokuhlala" kunye "nokuhlala".
Indawo yokuhlala
Umthetho wase-UK onxulumene nokuhlala unzima kwaye wahlukile kwimithetho yamanye amazwe. Indawo yokuhlala yahlukile kwimiba yobuzwe okanye yokuhlala. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, ulawulwa kwilizwe apho ucinga ukuba ungowaliphi kwaye likhaya lakho lokwenyani nelisisigxina.
Xa uza kuhlala e-UK ngekhe ubengukumkani wase-UK ukuba uzimisele, ngelinye ixesha kwixa elizayo, ukushiya i-UK.
Kuhlala
I-UK yazisa ngovavanyo olusemthethweni lokuhlala ngo-6 ku-Epreli 2013. Indawo yokuhlala e-UK ihlala ichaphazela unyaka wonke werhafu (nge-6 ku-Epreli ukuya kwi-5 ku-Epreli kunyaka olandelayo) nangona kwiimeko ezithile unyango "lonyaka owahlukileyo" lunokusebenza.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuhlala nceda ufunde ukwahlukana kwethu Uvavanyo lwabahlali base-UK / abangahlaliyo Inqaku lolwazi.
Isiseko sentlawulo
Umntu ongumhlali kodwa engalawulwa e-UK unokukhetha ukuba ingeniso yakhe engeyiyo i-UK kwaye azuze irhafu e-UK kuphela ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba bangeniswe okanye bonwabele e-UK. Oku kubizwa ngokuba 'kukuxolelwa' umvuzo kunye neenzuzo. Ingeniso kunye neenzuzo ezenziwe phesheya, ezishiye phesheya, zibizwa njengengeniso 'engafakwanga' kunye neenzuzo. Uhlengahlengiso olukhulu ngokubhekisele kwindlela irhafu engeyoyase-UK ("engengawo ama-dom") irhafu yaphunyezwa ngo-Epreli 2017. Ingcebiso eyongezelelweyo kufuneka icelwe.
Imithetho inzima kodwa ngokushwankathela, isiseko sentlawulo siza kusebenza kwezi meko zilandelayo:
- Ukuba ingeniso engabanjwanga yelinye ilizwe ingaphantsi kwe- $ 2,000 ekupheleni konyaka werhafu. Uxolelo lusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kwebango elisemthethweni kwaye akukho ndleko zerhafu kumntu. Irhafu yase-UK iya kuhlawulwa kuphela kwingeniso yelinye ilizwe exolelwe e-UK.
- Ukuba umvuzo wangaphandle ongagqitywanga ungaphezulu kwe- $ 2,000 emva koko isiseko sokuxolelwa sisenokubangwa, kodwa ngeendleko:
- Abantu abaye bahlala e-UK ubuncinci i-7 kwiminyaka eyi-9 yangaphambi kwerhafu kufuneka bahlawule isiXokelelwano seNtlawulo se- $ 30,000 ukuze basebenzise isiseko sentlawulo.
- Abantu abaye bahlala e-UK ubuncinci i-12 kwiminyaka eyi-14 yangaphambi kwerhafu kufuneka bahlawule isiXokelelwano seNtlawulo se- $ 60,000 ukuze basebenzise isiseko sentlawulo.
- Nabani na okhe wahlala e-UK ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-15 kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, akazukukonwabela ukuhlawulwa kwaye ke uya kurhafiswa e-UK kwihlabathi liphela ukulungiselela irhafu yengeniso kunye neerhafu zokufumana irhafu.
Kuzo zonke iimeko (ngaphandle kwalapho ingeniso engafunyanwanga ingaphantsi kwe- $ 2,000) umntu uya kuphulukana nokusebenzisa izibonelelo zakhe zerhafu ezingahlawulelwa rhafu kunye nenkululeko yokufumana irhafu.
Irhafu engenayo
Kunyaka werhafu wangoku iqondo eliphezulu lase-UK lerhafu yengeniso yi-45% kwingeniso erhafiswayo ye- $ 150,000 okanye nangaphezulu. Abantu abatshatileyo (okanye abo bakwimanyano yoluntu) bahlawuliswa irhafu ngokuzimeleyo kwimivuzo yabo.
Njengokuba kucacisiwe apha ngasentla, ukuba ungumhlali, kodwa awulawulwa, e-UK kwaye ukhetha ukurhafiswa “ngerhafu” uyarhafiswa e-UK kuphela kwingeniso evela, okanye eziswa e-UK kuyo nayiphi na unyaka werhafu.
Abantu abahlali nabalawulwa e-UK, okanye abo bangasebenzisi sibonelelo sentlawulo, bahlawula irhafu kuyo yonke ingeniso esehlabathini jikelele.
Ukucwangciswa ngononophelo ngaphambi kokufika e-UK kuyafuneka ukunqanda ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwenjongo. Kwimeko nganye, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kuso nasiphi na isivumelwano serhafu esifanelekileyo.
Nayiphi na imali ethunyelwa e-UK yengeniso (okanye iinzuzo) ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza utyalomali kurhwebo kwishishini lase-UK akhululwanga kwirhafu yengeniso.
Irhafu yokufumana iRhafu
Ireyithi yase-UK yemali eyinzuzo yerhafu isusela kwi-10% ukuya kwi-28% kuxhomekeke kubume be-asethi kunye nenqanaba lomvuzo lomntu lowo. Abantu abatshatileyo (okanye abo bakwimanyano yoluntu) bahlawuliswa irhafu ngokwahlukeneyo.
Njengasentla ukuba ungumhlali, kodwa ungahlali e-UK, kwaye ukhethe ukurhafiswa “ngesaphulelo” unoxanduva lokufumana irhafu yeenzuzo ezinkulu kwiinzuzo ezenziweyo ngokulahlwa kweeasethi ezise-UK okanye kwezo zingaphandle i-UK ukuba uthumela imali e-UK. Imali engeyiyo ebalaseleyo ithathwa njenge-asethi ngeenjongo zokufumana irhafu yokufumana imali kwaye ke nayiphi na ingeniso yemali (elinganiswa ngokuthelekiswa) inokuhlawulwa.
Njengakwingeniso, iinzuzo eziqwalaselweyo zezinye izakhiwo ezingaselunxwemeni zinokubalelwa kumhlali wase-UK phantsi kwemithetho enzima yokuthintela ukuphepha; Umzekelo, iinzuzo eziqwalaselwe ziinkampani “ezingalawulwa ngokusondeleyo” ezingezizo ezase-UK (ngokubanzi iinkampani eziphantsi kolawulo lwabathathi-nxaxheba abahlanu okanye abambalwa) zithathwa ngabathathi-nxaxheba ngokukodwa.
Inzuzo yokulahlwa kweentlobo ezithile zeasethi, ezinje ngendawo yokuhlala, ukhuseleko kurhulumente wase-UK, iimoto, imigaqo-nkqubo yokuqinisekisa ubomi, izatifikethi zokonga kunye neebhondi zepremiyamu zinokuhlangulwa kwirhafu yokufumana imali.
Irhafu yelifa
Irhafu yelifa (IHT) yirhafu kubutyebi bomntu ekufeni kwaye isenokuhlawulwa kwizipho ezenziwe ngexesha lokuphila komntu. Izinga lelifa lase-UK ngama-40% nomrhumo wasimahla werhafu ye- $ 325,000 yonyaka werhafu ka-2019/2020.
Uxanduva kwirhafu yelifa luxhomekeke kwindawo yakho yokuhlala. Ukuba ulawulwa e-UK uyarhafiswa kwihlabathi liphela.
Umntu ongahlali e-UK uhlawuliswa irhafu kuphela xa kugqitywa ii-asethi ezise-UK (kubandakanya ukugqithiselwa kwabaxhamli / abaxhamli abakho ekufeni). Ukulungiselela iinjongo zerhafu kuphela, kusebenza imigaqo ekhethekileyo. Nawuphi na umntu ohlala e-UK (ngerhafu yengeniso) ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-15 kwixesha eliqhubekayo leminyaka engama-20 uya kuthathwa njengongukumkani e-UK ngenxa ye-IHT. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "kuthathwa njengendawo yokuhlala".
Izipho ezithile zobomi bonke zixolelwe kwirhafu yelifa ngaphandle kokuba umnikeli usinda iminyaka esixhenxe kwaye uzikhuphile nasiphi na isibonelelo. Kuye kwaziswa imithetho engqongqo kwimeko apho umnikeli egcina okanye egcina isibonelelo esivela kwisipho (umz. Ukunika indlu yakhe kodwa aqhubeke nokuhlala kuyo). Iziphumo zolu tshintsho ziya kuba kukunyanga umnikeli ngeenjongo ze-IHT, kwiimeko ezininzi, ngokungathi akazange asenze isipho.
Utshintsho lwepropathi phakathi kwabatshati abanendawo efanayo yokuhlala abaxolelwanga kwirhafu yelifa, njengoko kugqithiselwa liqabane elinendawo engeyoyase-UK ukuya kwi-UK. Nangona kunjalo isixa esinokudluliselwa liqabane elilawulayo lase-UK kwiqabane elingelolase-UK ngaphandle kokufumana irhafu yelifa lilinganiselwe kwi- $ 325,000. Kuyenzeka, nangona kunjalo, ukuba iqabane elingenagunya likhethe ukuphathwa njengolulawulayo, elinokuthi lenze ukuba ukhululo olupheleleyo lomlingane lubangwe. Nje ukuba loo ndawo ithathwa njengendawo yokuhlala ibitshatiwe iqabane liza kuhlala lithathwa njengelilawulwa de kube kumiselwe iminyaka eliqela yokungahlali.
