Inkcazo kunye nendlela yokurhafisa i-Crypto-Currencies eMalta
imvelaphi
IMalta lelinye lawona mazwe ahambele phambili ngokomthetho ngokubhekisele kwi-crypto-currencies kwaye iphuhlise indlela ebambekayo ngokunxulumene nerhafu yolu hlobo lweeasethi.
UMkomishinala weMalta yeNgeniso ukhuphe izikhokelo ezintathu ngokubhekisele kunyango lwerhafu yetekhnoloji yeeleja ezihanjisiweyo ('DLT'). Isikhokelo ngasinye sinxulumene nerhafu eyahlukileyo: irhafu yengeniso, iVAT, kunye nomsebenzi ohlawulwa kumaxwebhu kunye nokudluliselwa.
Iindidi zeeasethi zeDLT
Ngeenjongo zerhafu ii-asethi ze-DLT zahlulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Zemali -Lolu didi lubhekisa kwii-asethi ze-DLT, ezingenazo naziphi na iimpawu zokhuseleko, ezingadibaniyo nayo nayiphi na iprojekthi okanye ubulungisa obunxulumene nomnikezeli, kwaye into eluncedo, ixabiso okanye isicelo esingahambelani ngqo nokukhululwa kwempahla okanye iinkonzo. . Iimali zemali ezisebenzayo zimele ukulingana kwe-cryptographic 'yeefat currencies'.
- Iithokheni zemali - Olu didi lubhekisa kwiiasethi ze-DLT ezineempawu ezifanayo nezemali, izivumelwano, iyunithi kwizikimu zotyalo-mali ngokudibeneyo, okanye kwiziphumo, kwaye zibandakanya izixhobo zemali. Ngokubanzi, baziwa ngokuba 'kukhuseleko', 'iiasethi' okanye amathokheni axhaswe ziimpahla. Ngenye indlela, ezo thokheni zinokubonelela ngomvuzo onokubakho, ngokusekwe kwintsebenzo okanye kumalungelo okuvota, okanye zimele ubunini kwiiasethi, okanye amalungelo akhuselwe yiasethi, njengakwithokheni exhaswa ziimpahla, okanye indibaniselwano yoku kungentla.
- Iimpawu zomsebenzi -Lolu didi lubhekisa kwi-asethi ye-DLT ukusetyenziswa kwayo, ixabiso layo okanye usetyenziso lwayo luthintelwe kuphela ekufumaneni iimpahla okanye iinkonzo, nokuba kukwipulatifomu ye-DLT, okanye kuthungelwano olulinganiselweyo lwamaqonga e-DLT. Eli candelo likwaquka zonke ezinye ii-asethi ze-DLT eziyithokheni nokusetyenziswa kwazo kuthintelwe kuphela ekufumaneni iimpahla okanye iinkonzo, nokuba zidwelisiwe okanye azidweliswanga kutshintshiselwano lwe-DLT. Azinabudlelane nolingano lomnikezeli kwaye azinazo iimpawu zokhuseleko.
Kungenzeka ukuba umqondiso ube neempawu zethokheni yemali kunye nokusetyenziswa, ngokuxhomekeke kwimigaqo nemiqathango yethokheni efanelekileyo. Kule meko ithokheni kubhekiswa kuyo njenge 'gqith' kwaye irhafu iya kuxhomekeka kwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo ithokheni yomxube; njengomqondiso wezezimali, njengomqondiso wenkonzo, okanye njengengqekembe.
Unyango lwengeniso yee-asethi ze-DLT
Intengiselwano ebandakanya ii-asethi ze-DLT, ngokwerhafu yengeniso, iphathwa ngendlela efanayo nayo nayiphi na intengiselwano, ngokubhekisele kuhlobo lwemisebenzi, inqanaba lamaqela kunye nezibakala ezithile kunye neemeko zetyala elithile.
Ekugqibeleni, unyango lwerhafu lwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-asethi ye-DLT alunakuchazwa ngokokuhlelwa kwayo, kodwa luya kuxhomekeka kwinjongo kunye nemeko esetyenziswa kuyo.
Xa intlawulo yenziwe okanye ifunyenwe kwi-cryptocurrency iphathwa njengentlawulo kuyo nayiphi na enye imali, ngerhafu yengeniso. Ngokuhambelana, kumashishini amkela intlawulo yeempahla okanye iinkonzo kwi-cryptocurrency, akukho lutshintsho kuxa ingeniso yamkelwe okanye indlela ebalwa ngayo ingeniso erhafelwayo. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kwintlawulo yomvuzo, enje ngemivuzo, ethathwa njengehlawuliswa irhafu ngokwemigaqo ngokubanzi. Xa intlawulo yenziwe ngokudlulisela ithokheni yemali okanye eluncedo, iphathwa njengayo nayiphi na 'intlawulo yesisa'.
Ukulungiselela iinjongo zerhafu yengeniso, ukuthengiselana okubandakanya iiasethi ze-DLT, kuvavanywa ngokubhekisele kwixabiso lentengiso lempahla ye-DLT:
- inqanaba elimiselwe liGunya elifanelekileyo laseMalta, OR (ukuba umlinganiselo onjalo awufumaneki);
- ngokubhekisa kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo elicatshulweyo kunaniselwano olunokuthenjwa, ngomhla wentengiselwano efanelekileyo okanye umsitho, OKANYE;
- enye indlela ehlangabezana neemfuno zoMkomishinara weRhafu waseMalta.
Imizekelo yokuSetyenziswa kweMigaqo yeRhafu Jikelele kwiiNtengiselwano ezibandakanya iiasethi ze-DLT
- Intengiselwano kwii-COINS
Unyango lwerhafu lwentengiselwano olubandakanya iingqekembe ze-DLT ziyafana kunyango lwerhafu lwentengiselwano ebandakanya imali ye-fiat. Inzuzo efunyanwa ngokutshintshiselana ngeengqekembe iphathwa ngendlela efanayo nenzuzo efumaneka kutshintshiselwano lwemali ye-fiat. Ingeniso kunye / okanye inzuzo ngaphakathi kwiakhawunti yengeniso, evela kwimigodi ye-cryptocurrency, ibonisa ingeniso. Iingqekembe ze-DLT ziwela ngaphandle komda werhafu yokufumana imali.
- Buyela kwiITOKI ZEMALI
Imbuyekezo ethathwe ekubanjweni kweethokheni zemali, umzekelo, iintlawulo ezinje ngezahlulo, inzala, iipremiyamu njl.
- Utshintshelo lwezeMali nokusetyenziswa kweTokeni
Unyango lwerhafu yotshintsho lwethokheni yemali okanye yokusetyenziswa, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba ukuhanjiswa kuyintengiselwano yorhwebo okanye ukuhanjiswa kwempahla eyinkunzi.
Ukuba ugqithiselo luyintengiselwano yorhwebo, ingqwalaselo iya kuthathwa njengeerisithi kwiakhawunti yengeniso kwaye iya kuthathwa njengenzuzo yokurhweba.
Kwimeko yokutshintshelwa kwethokheni yezemali, ukuba ayisiyiyo intengiselwano yorhwebo, olo tshintshelo lungawela phantsi komda werhafu yenzuzo eyinkunzi.
- Unyango lwminikelo yokuqala
Umrhumo wokuqala weethokheni zemali (okanye umcimbi wokuvelisa amathokheni), kubandakanya ukubiza imali. Ingeniso yalo mbandela ayiphathwa njengengeniso yomkhuphi kwaye ukukhutshwa kwamathokheni amatsha akuphathwa njengotshintsho, ngerhafu yokufumana imali. Ingeniso okanye iinzuzo ezifunyenwe kunikezelo lweenkonzo okanye unikezelo lweempahla ziya kubonisa ingeniso.
- VAT
Ngokunxulumene ne-VAT, intengiselwano ebandakanya ii-asethi ze-DLT icazululwa ngendlela efanayo nayo nayiphi na intengiselwano, kunye nendawo yokunikezelwa kweempahla okanye iinkonzo ezihlala zithathelwa ingqalelo.
- UMSEBENZI kumaXwebhu kunye noGqithiso
Xa ugqithiselo lubandakanya iiasethi ze-DLT ezineempawu ezifanayo 'njengokhuseleko olunokuthengiswa', ziphantsi koxanduva, ngokuhambelana nezibonelelo zeMalta 'yoXanduva kumaXwebhu kunye noMthetho wokuTshintshela'.
Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo
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