I-Isle of Man Trust Basics: Iziqinisekiso Ezintathu

  • ncwadi 25 June 2024

  • | Izikhombo IN1002

Ama-trust ahlinzeka ngohlelo olusemthethweni lokuhlukaniswa kwetayitela elisemthethweni nelilinganayo ezimpahleni ezichaziwe. Nokho, ukuze i-Trust isebenze kufanele yakhiwe ngendlela efanele.

Phakathi kwezinye izidingo zomthethosisekelo, iziqinisekiso ezintathu kufanele zibe khona ekuqaleni. Imfundiso yeziqinisekiso ezintathu iyisimiso esiyisisekelo ku-Trust Law futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi i-Trust ikhona ngaphansi komthetho, ingasetshenziswa futhi iyasebenziseka. Kalula nje, i-Trust ngeke ibe khona ngaphandle kwalezi ziqinisekiso ezintathu.

Kulesi sihloko esifushane, sibheka imfundiso yeziqinisekiso ezintathu, kungani zibalulekile nokuthi yini engenzeka uma i-Trust ingakhiwa kahle:

  1. Ukuqinisekisa Kwenhloso
  2. Ukuqiniseka Kodaba Lwesihloko
  3. Ukuqiniseka Kwezinto
  4. Izinkinga Ngokungaqiniseki
  5. I-Dixcart ingasiza kanjani

1. Ukuqiniseka Kwenhloso

Ukuqinisekisa kwenhloso kudinga ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi umhlali wayehlose ukwakha iThrasti okungukuthi ukuphoqelela noma ukuthatha umsebenzi owuphawu lweThrasti isb. umsebenzi wokubamba indawo noma ukuyisebenzisela inzuzo Yomhlomuli.

Izinkantolo zithatha indlela eqondile yokunquma isiqiniseko senhloso. I-Settlor kufanele ibonise inhloso engaguquki yokuphoqelela imisebenzi ephoqelelayo Kuma-Trustees ngokuziphatha kwawo nangamazwi (akhulunyiwe noma abhaliwe).

Ngokwengqikithi ye-Express Trust iNkantolo izonquma inhloso ngokuhlonza incazelo yamagama asetshenziswe ezinhlinzekweni ze-Trust Instrument (isb. I-Trust Deed noma i-Will). Ithuluzi lizophinde lichaze uhlobo lobudlelwano nomsebenzi, okuhlanganisa noma imaphi amalungelo amakhulu nemisebenzi edalwe yilo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Trust Property kuphinde kubonise inhloso isb. ukwakhiwa kwama-akhawunti asebhange ngenjongo ethile noma izimpahla zokubeka uphawu zabahlomuli abathile. Ngalo mqondo, inhloso inqunywa ngokuvumelana nesimiso esithi 'into engaphezu kwefomu', okusho ukuthi uma inezici ze-Trust, iyiThrasti, ngaphandle kwanoma imaphi amalebula njll. ahlobene nohlelo.

Isiqiniseko senhloso siyisisekelo salo lonke uhlelo lwe-Trust, futhi ngisho nalapho kunengxabano ngodaba oluthile oluphathelene nodaba noma izinto kuvamile ukuba iNkantolo ihlole ukuthi yayikhona yini inhloso edingekayo yokudala iThrasti nhlobo. Phela iTrust ibeka umsebenzi; akunakwenzeka ukuthi umuntu ohlose ukuphoqelela umsebenzi uma ungacacile kangangokuthi ama-Trustees anikezwe umsebenzi wokuwenza angakwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi yini edingekayo kubo.

Ngaphandle kwenhloso ecacile, i-Trust okuhloswe ngayo ingase yehluleke futhi ithathwe njengesipho nje noma isibopho sokuziphatha esingabopheli. Isibonelo, lapho izimpahla zinikezwe isipho ku-Trust, kodwa i-Settlor igcina ukulawula I-Trust Property ingase yehluleke ukuthi isabhekwa njengengxenye ye-Settlor's Estate futhi ngenxa yalokho isatshalaliswe ngokuvumelana ne-Will yabo noma imithetho ye-intestacy.

Endabeni ye-Express Trust, ukuba khona kwethuluzi elifana ne-Trust Deed kuwubufakazi benhloso yokudala i-Trust. Lapho a Umphathiswa onguchwepheshe uthembisene umshado, okusalungiswa kufanele kunikeze i-Settlor isiqiniseko.

2. Ukuqiniseka Kodaba Lwesihloko

Ukuqiniseka kwesihloko kuhlanganisa izici ezimbili ezihlukene:

  1. Izakhiwo zokuthembela: Kumelwe kwenzeke ukuhlonza Isakhiwo Sokuthenjwa.
  2. Ilungelo elizuzisayo: Kufanele kwenzeke ukuthola intshisekelo Yomhlomuli kuleso sakhiwo se-Trust.

Ama-trust abonakala ngezici ezimbili eziyinhloko, umsebenzi kanye nelungelo lendawo.

Umsebenzi wokubamba Impahla Yesikhwama Sabahlomulayo noma ukuyisebenzisela inzuzo yabo awusho lutho lapho Isakhiwo Sesikhwama esihlobene nomsebenzi singakwazi ukukhonjwa. Ngokunjalo, Abahlomuli abakwazi ukugomela intshisekelo yabo elinganayo ku-Trust Property lapho ingeke ikhonjwe khona.

Ngokuvamile lezi zindaba ziphuma encazelweni ye-Trust Property, ikakhulukazi lapho ziyingxenye yenqwaba enkulu. Isibonelo, lapho i-Settlor imemezela i-Trust engaphezu kwama-5 kwayi-10 amadayimane ayo, uma amadayimane athile engaziwa noma ebekwe uphawu, ama-Trustees ngeke akwazi ukuhlonza ukuthi yimaphi amadayimane angu-10 abawaphethe ku-Trust futhi Abahlomuli ngeke babone ukuthi yiliphi banamalungelo okuthi. Kulesi sibonelo, amadayimane angase abe namanani ahlukene (isb. ukusika, ukucaca, isisindo njll.), awafani. Le Trust ingase yehluleke ngenxa yokuntula isiqiniseko sesihloko.  

Uma I-Trust Property noma izintshisekelo Zabahlomuli zingaqinisekile, I-Trust ingase yehluleke. Ukungaqiniseki odabeni kungase kubangele ukuthi impahla ye-Trust okuhloswe ngayo ibuyele ku-Settlor's Estate futhi ngenxa yalokho izosatshalaliswa ngokuvumelana ne-Will yabo noma imithetho ye-intestacy.

Esimeni se-Express Trust, ngokuvamile I-Trust Property idluliselwa kuma-Trustees lapho i-Trust yakhiwa ngokusemthethweni, futhi zonke izithakazelo zichazwe ngaphakathi kwe-Trust Deed ebhalwe kahle. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-Trustees ayazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpahla aziphethe nokuthi ukweleta bani imisebenzi yokwethembeka.

3. Ukuqiniseka Kwezinto

Isiqinisekiso sezinto siqinisekisa ukuthi Abahlomulayo BeThrasti babonakala ngokucacile, noma iThrasti kufanele inikeze indlela ecacile yokuhlonzwa kwabo. Ngokuvamile, izinjongo zeThrasti kuzoba abantu, nakuba esimweni se-Isle of Man Purpose Trust izinto ziyizinjongo ezivunyelwe zeThrasti. Izinjongo zeThrasti zidinga ukuqinisekiswa ukuze iThrasti ikwazi ukulawulwa futhi iphoqelelwe yiziNkantolo lapho kudingeka khona.

Ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kokuqiniseka kwezinto kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-Trust okukhulunywa ngayo. Isibonelo, izinga elikhulu lokuqinisekisa liyadingeka ukuze kukhonjwe izinto ze-Fixed Trust uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Discretionary Trust, njengoba izinto ziqinisekile.

Ukuhlolwa okuqinile okuncane kokunquma izinto ezisetshenziswa kuzo I-Discretionary Trusts kudinga kuphela ukuqiniseka komqondo, okudinga izigaba zezinto ukuthi zichazwe ngokucacile, kodwa akudingekile ukuba kube uhlu oluthile - ezimweni ezinjalo ummangali kuzodingeka aqinisekise ukuthi bangaphakathi kwesigaba esichaziwe Somhlomuli. Leli zinga elihlukile lisuka ekutheni amandla ama-Trustees avumela ukuthi anqume ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezizuzayo ngaphansi kweThrasti. Izinto ezingaphansi kwe-Discretionary Trust azinayo inzalo elinganayo kuze kube yilapho i-Trustee yenzelwa izinqumo ezivuna zona. Kusetshenziswa izinga elifanayo lapho amandla okuqokwa enikezwa ngaphansi kwelungiselelo, njengoba ama-Trustees asebenzisa lawo mandla kuwukuzikhethela.

Izinto ezithile ziqinisekisa ukuthi ama-Trustees angakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yawo ngempumelelo nokuthi iThrasti ingaphoqelelwa yilabo noma egameni Labahlomulayo. Ngaphandle Kwabahlomulayo abakhonjwe ngokucacile kungase futhi kuveze ubunzima bokusebenza isib. ukukhokha okungafanele kungase kube maningi amathuba okuba i-Trustee ingaboni ukuthi yenza inkokhelo kumuntu ongafanele noma ngenxa yokuthi izinto zangempela azikwazi ukufakazela ukuthi zimi ukuze ziphoqelele umthetho. Themba futhi uvimbele inkokhelo engalungile. Ekugcineni, ngaphandle kwezinto ezichazwe ngokucacile i-Trust ingathathwa njengengenalutho ngenxa yokungaqiniseki.

4. Izinkinga Ngokungaqiniseki

Uma noma yikuphi kweziqiniseko ezintathu zingekho, i-Trust ingase ithathwe njengeze, okungenzeka ibangele izinkinga ezimbalwa, ezingafaka:

  • Ukwehluleka kweTrust: Kalula nje, i-Trust ingase ingabi khona, okusho ukuthi abukho ubuhlobo obusemthethweni be-Trust obakhiwe. Ngakho-ke, indawo ayidluliselwa ku-Trust futhi ama-Trustees abanalo itayitela elisemthethweni noma athole igunya noma isibopho sokuyiphatha.
  • Ukuguqulwa Kwezakhiwo: Uma i-Trust ingakhiwa ngendlela efanele, indawo obekuhloswe ngayo ukuthi idluliselwe ku-Trust ingase ibuyiselwe ku-Settlor's Estate isb. ingase idlule ngokuvumelana nencwadi yefa ye-Settlor noma imithetho ye-intestacy.
  • Imiphumela Yezomthetho Nentela: Kungase kube nemithelela yezomthetho neyentela kukho kokubili i-Settlor kanye Nabahlomuli abahlosiwe isb. izikweletu zentela ezingahlosiwe noma isidingo se-Probate.
  • Amalungelo Abahlomuli: Abahlomuli abahlosiwe bangase bangabi namalungelo angaphoqelelwa kusakhiwo noma izinzuzo ezingaphansi kweThrasti, njengoba iThrasti ngokwayo ingekho ngokusemthethweni.

The ukuqokwa koMphathi Ochwepheshe inikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi iziqinisekiso ezintathu zikhona lapho kwakhiwa i-Trust nokuthi yonke eminye imicikilisho iyahlangatshezwana nayo.

5. I-Dixcart Ingasiza Kanjani

I-Dixcart inokuhlangenwe nakho okubanzi kuzo zonke izinhlangano zaphesheya kwezilwandle futhi ingasiza ngokusetha nokuphatha okuqhubekayo kokuhlela kweklayenti lakho langasese kanye nesakhiwo sebhizinisi. Lokhu kubandakanya zonke izinhlobo zama-Trust kanye nanoma yiziphi Izimoto Zenjongo Ekhethekile noma izinhlangano zebhizinisi.

Kule minyaka engu-50 edlule, sakhe ubudlelwano bokusebenza obuqinile nabanye abeluleki abahamba phambili emhlabeni. Uma ungakaxoxi nomeluleki oqeqeshiwe, singakwazi ukuqondisa isingeniso ngokufanelekile.

NGICELA UQAPHELE: Lolu lwazi lunikezwe njengesiqondiso kusukela ngoJuni 2024 futhi akufanele luthathwe njengeseluleko. Lapho ucabangela ukusungulwa kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uthole iseluleko sochwepheshe ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo.

Thola in Touch

Uma ungathanda ukuxoxa ngezinsizakalo ze-Professional Trustee, noma ukuthi i-Dixcart Isle of Man ingakusiza kanjani ngeNdawo yakho noma Ukuhlela Ukulandelana, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana no-Paul Harvey e-Dixcart: iseluleko.iom@dixcart.com

IDixcart Management (IOM) Limited Ilayisensiwe yi-Isle of Man Financial Services Authority

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