Kungani Kufanele Usebenzise I-Trustee yaseSwitzerland?
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-trust okuphatha ingcebo nokuvikelwa kwempahla kuye kwavela ngaphezu komsuka wawo we-English Common Law. Namuhla, iSwitzerland igqama njengendawo ekhethwayo yokuphatha ama-trust, enikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yokuqashelwa okusemthethweni, ukuguquguquka kanye nobungcweti. Ngakho-ke, yini eyenza ama-Trustees aseSwitzerland abaluleke kakhulu?
I-trust iyithuluzi elivumelana nezimo ngokwedlulele futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni indawo, ukuphathwa kwengcebo nokuvikelwa kwempahla.
Ngokuyisisekelo, umqondo we-trust uqondile: i-Settlor idlulisela izimpahla esandleni esisemthethweni somunye umuntu, i-Trustee, ephethe lezi zimpahla ukuze kuzuze inkampani yangaphandle, Ohlomulayo. I-trust ayiyona inhlangano esemthethweni ehlukile kodwa iyisibopho esingokomthetho okuvunyelwene ngaso phakathi kwe-Settlor kanye ne-Trustee.
1. Isiqiniseko Somthetho Nokuvikelwa
ISwitzerland ayigcini nje ngokubona ama-trust, kodwa iwasekela ngenkuthalo ngohlaka oluqinile lwezomthetho. Ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa i-Hague Convention ngo-2007, i-Switzerland yachibiyela uMthetho wayo Oyimfihlo Wamazwe Ngamazwe (i-CPIL) kanye Nomthetho Wokuqothuka (DEBL) ukuze kubhekwane ngokusobala nezindaba ezihlobene nokuthenjwa. Lezi zithuthukisi ezingokomthetho ziqinisekisa imithetho ecacile yendawo ethile, ukuqashelwa kwezahlulelo zakwamanye amazwe, kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwezimpahla ze-trust endaweni yomuntu siqu yomphathiswa.
Le ngqalasizinda yezomthetho idala indawo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuxazulula izingxabano ezihlobene nokwethembana futhi ithuthukisa isikhalazo sase-Switzerland njengesisekelo esivikelekile sokuphatha ukwethenjwa.
I-2. Ukuvumelana nezimo
Ama-trustee ase-Swiss angaphatha izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zokwethenjwa, okuhlanganisa ukukhetha, ukuqongelela nokunakekela, kanye nama-trust enzalo engaguquki, anezakhiwo eziguquguqukayo eziklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso ze-Settlor. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa nezimo kuvumela abaphathiswa ukuthi baphendule ezimweni ezishintshayo zomndeni, izindawo ezilawulayo kanye nokuhlala kwentela. I-trust discretionary ingase iguquke ngokuhambisana nezidingo zabazuzi bayo, kuyilapho i-trust eqongelelayo ingasebenzela izinjongo zesikhathi eside zokulondoloza ingcebo.
3. Ukuzinza kanye Nedumela
ISwitzerland inikeza okuhlukile ukuzinza kwezomnotho, ezombusazwe kanye nezomthetho, okuyenza ibe indawo ekahle yokugcina ingcebo nokuphatha isikhathi eside. Yakhela phezu kwefa layo lesikhathi eside ekubhangeni okuzimele, izinsizakalo zezezimali, nokuvikela abatshalizimali, iSwitzerland inikeza ukwethembeka nokuzethemba okungenakuqhathaniswa.
4. Ukuqonda kanye Nokugcina Imfihlo
Umthetho waseSwitzerland kanye namazinga ochwepheshe aqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo okuqinile ekuphathweni kwe-trust. Ama-Trustees ase-Swiss aboshwe imfihlo yochwepheshe ukuze agcine yonke imininingwane ehlobene namakhasimende iyimfihlo. Ukudalula kuvunyelwe kuphela uma kunesibopho esingokomthetho, njengasophenyweni lobugebengu. Lokhu kuqonda kuyinzuzo eyinhloko yemindeni efuna ubumfihlo ekuhleleni kwayo kwezezimali nezindawo.
5. Indawo Ekahle Yentela
I-Switzerland inikeza uhlaka lwentela olusebenzayo lwama-trust:
- Ama-trust akanabo ubuntu obusemthethweni futhi awathathwa njengezinhlangano ezikhokhiswa intela ngaphansi komthetho waseSwitzerland.
- Ama-trustee angabahlali baseSwitzerland abekho ngaphansi kwentela yase-Swiss engenayo noma intela yenzuzo yempahla ye-trust.
- Ama-Settlor okungezona izakhamuzi kanye Abahlomulayo abakhokhiswa intela e-Switzerland emalini etholwayo noma ekwabiweni.
- Intela incike kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala yabaHlali kanye nabahlomulayo, enikeza amathuba okuhlelwa kwentela yamazwe ngamazwe.
6. Ukuphathwa Kwezinga eliphezulu Lobungcweti
Ama-Trustees ase-Swiss angabaxhumanisi bezezimali abalawulwayo, abaxhumene nezinhlangano ezizilawulayo (ama-SRO) futhi agunyazwe i-FINMA (I-Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority). I-Dixcart Switzerland iyi-Trustee elawulwa yi-FINMA, esebenzisana ne-OSIF, futhi iyilungu le-Swiss Association of Trust Companies (SATC). I-Dixcart Switzerland ibilokhu ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-Swiss Trustee cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Ochwepheshe bethu baletha ingcebo yolwazi lwezomthetho, lokubalwa kwezimali, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, okuhlanganiswe nokuqonda imithetho ye-trust yamazwe ngamazwe nokucatshangelwa kwezindawo eziningi.
Indima yabaphathiswa wumsebenzi olawulwayo ngaphansi koMthetho Wezikhungo Zezezimali (i-FinIA) - ngokungafani nakwamanye amazwe amaningi aseYurophu. Ama-Trustees kumele agcine imali eyanele, ukulawula kwangaphakathi okuqinile, nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe.
7. Indawo YaseYurophu Yamasu
Itholakala enhliziyweni yeYurophu, iSwitzerland inikeza ukufinyeleleka okukhethekile.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabaphathiswa bamazwe ngamazwe, abazinze kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, abaphathiswa baseSwitzerland banikeza ukusondela kwendawo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuxhumana okuseduze, okungaguquguquki nabahlali - hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokusungulwa kwe-trust kodwa phakathi nesikhathi sayo - okubavumela ukuthi bazivumelanise nezidingo zabo bobabili Abahleli kanye Nabahlomulayo. Baphinde balondoloze ubudlelwano obuseduze namabhange nabaphathi bempahla abavame ukuzinze eSwitzerland.
I-Dixcart Switzerland
I-Dixcart Trustees (Switzerland) SA isineminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili iletha izinsizakalo ze-Swiss trustee futhi, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2024, ilayisensi ngokugcwele yi-FINMA. Njengelungu le-Swiss Association of Trust Companies (i-SATC) futhi exhumene ne-OSIF, sigcina amazinga aphakeme kakhulu okuthobela nobungcweti.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngama-Swiss Trusts, sicela uthinte UChristine Breitler at: iseluleko.switzerland@dixcart.com.
